Jun 04, · Tips for Writing Dissertation Chapter 5 Reference the Literature.. If you’re stumped for things to write, look at what you said in Chapter 2 and tell the Consider Your Defense.. When you do the defense of your final document, Chapter 5 is where Estimated Reading Time: 6 mins Dissertation Chapter 1 – 5 Sections Rubric - Version 1 May 1, The context for the study refers to the physical setting of the research and the natural or artificial (simulated) properties of that setting. In some research these properties are called “experimental conditions” or “study environment.” This sectionFile Size: KB In qualitative studies, Chapter 5 follows the same major theme section titles as in chapter four
Writing Dissertation Chapter 5: The Biggest Mistake Students Make - Beyond PhD Coaching
Paper Types. This Dissertation - Conclusion was written by one of our professional writers. You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work. Need a custom Dissertation - Conclusion written for you? Thus far, the research conducted has thoroughly indicated that labeling an individual as a sex offender will create long term negative effects and lead to consequences that are often times beyond the control of the individuals, as well as their families.
Because of these consequences and long term negative effects, dissertations chapter 5, there are often high stress levels associated with the sex offender status. Also, there are individuals who cope with these negative life circumstances by using drugs and alcohol to offset the stereotypes that society has placed upon them. They also use dissertations chapter 5 drugs and alcohol in many cases to cope with various issues in their daily lives as well as subpar living conditions.
The review of the literature indicated that the experience of specific incidents of treatment deemed by Landrine and Knonoff as unfair may generate stress and have negative ramifications on the general health of sex offenders. These factors are closely associated with poor mental health and increased stress levels Tewksbury, Dissertations chapter 5 addition, Mexican-Americans have a higher rate of alcohol-related problems compared to the overall population.
The purpose of this study was to examine the connection between psychological distress associated with the sex offender label and the increase in the consumption of alcohol after that label has been assigned among Mexican-American Sex Offenders.
The study sample consisted of adult male Mexican Americans who have been arrested for a sexual offenses. A better understanding of the relationship among stigma, alcohol use, and stress was explored by using the self-medication hypothesis SMH as an explanation for the use of alcohol as a way of coping with high levels of stress. The overall mental health of sex offenders is paramount because Hispanics, especially those of Mexican descent, are one of the fastest growing demographic populations in the United States.
The research hypothesis that framed this study was Hypothesis 1: It is hypothesized that the relationship between stigma and alcohol use is fully mediated dissertations chapter 5 the experience of stress such that if level of stress is taken into account, the relationship between stigma and alcohol abuse is no longer significant. This was assessed through the testing of the null hypothesis:. Null Hypothesis 1 H01 : After taking into account the mediating effect of stress, dissertations chapter 5, there is no significant relationship between stigma and alcohol use, dissertations chapter 5.
The research hypothesis was assessed through analysis of quantitative data from a sample of 86 adult male Mexican Americans who dissertations chapter 5 been arrested for a sexual offense.
Participants were recruited from the Community Supervision and Corrections Department CSCD. Participants were invited to participate in the study during their monthly visit to the department. The study sample consisted of 86 Mexican American Sex Offenders MASO, dissertations chapter 5. Of this sample the majority were High School Diploma The research hypothesis was assessed by conducting two mediation analyses to statistically test if stress mediates a significant relationship between stigma and alcohol use.
Analysis 1 assessed alcohol use before their conviction while Analysis 2 assessed alcohol use after their conviction. The variables were measured by 10 items on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test AUDIT. Participants responded twice to each of the ten questions to assess their alcohol use prior to and after their sex offense conviction.
Alternative Hypothesis 1 HA1 : After taking into account the mediating effect of stress, there is a significant relationship between stigma and alcohol use. Results indicated that one significant relationship existed in Steps A, dissertations chapter 5. This result does not support the presence of a mediating effect, dissertations chapter 5. Analysis 2 was assessed using mediation analysis.
Results indicated that no significant relationships existed in Steps A-C. Using IBM SPSS 20, analysis of variance ANOVA was conducted to determine if a significant difference in alcohol dissertations chapter 5 existed prior to and after a sexual offense conviction.
The theoretical premise of this study lays in The Self-Medication Hypothesis SMH w formulated by Edward Khantzian, dissertations chapter 5, in Therefore, alcohol use and use of other substances is a responsive reaction to negative personal states. This negative state can be due to the experience of unpleasant and painful physical or psychological states.
While physical pain will usually lead sex offenders to seek the assistance of a physician, psychological pain or distress may lead attempting or actual illegal sexual activity. Results from this quantitative analysis revealed there was no significant relationship between stigma and alcohol use as mediated by stress. Additionally, there were no relationships between stigma and alcohol use, dissertations chapter 5 and stigma, and stress and alcohol use observed.
Precisely, stress did not mediate a significant relationship between stigma and alcohol use. Notably, however, a significant difference between the amount of alcohol dissertations chapter 5 before and after conviction was identified. The implication of this finding is that alcohol use in itself did not create a feeling of stigmatization. This was true of stress as well. More so, stress did not correlate with exceptional alcohol consumption nor did it mediate dissertations chapter 5 effect of stigmatization on alcohol consumption.
The fact that the relationship between stigma and pre-conviction alcohol use was significant, whereas the relationship between stigma and post-conviction alcohol use was not, can be explained by the increase in alcohol use witnessed. The lower levels of pre-conviction alcohol use may have driven the relationship witness with stigma, while post-conviction levels were considerably higher.
The implication is that post-conviction alcohol use is high, regardless of perceived stigma. Evidence from the literature review reveled that historically, Mexican-American adults have been known to be at a higher risk than the rest of the population for alcohol-related problems National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, They reported a prevalence rate of alcoholism in an average dissertations chapter 5 four percent of Mexican Americans during the years Blume et al.
According to Gonzalez et. al the hopelessness among Mexican-Americans due to socioeconomic factors such as living conditions, poor wages, and an overall poor lifestyle has been known to be a large contributor to depression and this has been believed to help lead to a lifestyle of drinking and alcoholism. However, dissertations chapter 5, Results from the present study neither support nor contradict Gonzalez et al.
While present results indicated alcohol consumption rate increased after conviction, it was not found that this increase was related to an increase in stress levels. This does not, however, imply that increased alcohol consumption is not due to increased depression among this group. Mexican-Americans experience greater depression and hopelessness after conviction due to consequences in regards to lifestyle.
An important focal point of this study is the inclusion of Mexican American sex offenders as participants. Data from foregoing literature review showed where most of the current theories in sex offender treatments focused on the Caucasian population, but it was necessary to have a diverse competency in the ability to treat sex offenders of every culture and ethnicity because whether African-American or Mexican-American sex offenders there appears to be significant differences in the way sex offenders are treated based on ethnicity.
It is a limitation in this study because there was little scope in comparison with other ethnic groups. The inclusion of non-Caucasian participants broadens the scope of the literature as a whole. Additionally, Mexican-American sex offenders are sometimes categorized as Caucasian-Americans or at times not categorized at all. This makes it difficult to directly compare results of this study with those mentioned in the literature review.
These misclassifications result inaccurate data concerning the amount of MASO in the United States Siese, Further research is recommended as to the necessity of sex offender labeling.
That is does labeling help reduce recidivism among sex offenders? If this is the case, this may lead to further research, such as whether a similar labeling system for offenders of other crimes, such as murder, dissertations chapter 5, drug abuse; domestic violence and larceny would be beneficial.
Research is necessary to further investigate the finding that stigma and alcohol use prior to conviction were related, yet stigma was not related to alcohol use post-conviction. Additional research should also be conducted to determine what other factors may affect the change in alcohol use found in the present sample, dissertations chapter 5. Given the implications by Gonzalez dissertations chapter 5 al.
al, dissertations chapter 5, Spohn and Holleran found that Mexican-Americans were Spohn and Holleran also found that in cases of dissertations chapter 5 assault where the victim is Caucasian and the defendant is not, there is a much greater chance of conviction, as well as longer sentences and a decreased chance of early parole Spohn and Holleran, Further research should be conducted.
Based on the research findings, it is recommended that alcohol abuse programs be dissertations chapter 5 available and attendance at such programs encouraged among convicted Mexican-American sex offenders. Given that alcohol use rates increase significantly post-conviction, encouraging or even mandating attendance at either alcohol abuse groups or a responsible alcohol use educational seminar may be of value to help these individuals moderate their alcohol intake.
More often form a psychological perspective labeling has a fulfilling prophesy effect on individuals. These sex offenders evidently do confirm to this label. Psychologist ought to recognize this dysfunction as a vital to the intervention. Therefore when designing programs the a major goal should be to remove these debilitating psychological effects first. Obviously alcohol abuses after conviction reflects the outcome of fulfilling this prophesy. If they were labeled alcoholics before it is only fitting to be that now they have been ascribed the added label of sex offender.
This could also delay the respond to mediation since it all embodied in the psychology of labeling. Since all participants were derived from a population within the Community Supervisions and Corrections Department CSCDthe sample included just sex offenders who were currently being supervised in the community.
The selection criteria were sexual offense was for which participants were arrested. It was, however, dissertations chapter 5, difficult to determine due to denials by sex offenders. This could have resulted in alterations in the dissertations chapter 5 of the offense reported by many participants. Date of placement in community supervision was the criteria used in establishing the initial labeling date for the purposes of data gathering. This sampling technique limited the quality and quantity to those who were currently on community supervision, excluding those who were not.
A large number of participants under community supervision were identified by the CSCD. A self-reporting data collection technique was adapted for offense, demographic, and criteria data. Results were generalized to men who had sexually abused and those not arrested. However, dissertations chapter 5, due to the limited number of adult dissertations chapter 5 MASO on community supervision, they were excluded in the study.
According to Vandiversex offenders are typically committed by males; females account for only a small proportion of offenses. Department dissertations chapter 5 Justice, b. This aim of this study was to examine a connection between psychological distress associated with the sex offender label and the consumption of alcohol among Mexican-American Sex Offenders.
According to the United States Census, Mexican-Americans are the minority population with the most rapid growth rate. Results from the sample studied indicated that use of alcohol significantly increased after sex offender conviction among Mexican-Americans. However, stress was not found to moderate the relationship between stigma associated with sex offender label and alcohol use.
Further research is encouraged to determine whether depression plays a role in sex offender alcohol use, as is suggested by Gonzalez, dissertations chapter 5, as well as effects of consequences to labeling, such as deprived social interactions.
Chapter 4 and 5 of a Dissertation
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Dissertation Chapter 1 – 5 Sections Rubric - Version 1 May 1, The context for the study refers to the physical setting of the research and the natural or artificial (simulated) properties of that setting. In some research these properties are called “experimental conditions” or “study environment.” This sectionFile Size: KB Jun 04, · Tips for Writing Dissertation Chapter 5 Reference the Literature.. If you’re stumped for things to write, look at what you said in Chapter 2 and tell the Consider Your Defense.. When you do the defense of your final document, Chapter 5 is where Estimated Reading Time: 6 mins Dissertation Chapter 5: Discussion. While your dissertation’s Discussion Chapter has been years in the making—you have arguably been working toward it your entire life—now is certainly not the time to relax. Even though all of the so-called “hard” work may be in the past, those who have not mentored you through the entire research process may not care to review the entirety of your manuscript
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